Photographic processes and products employing 8-quinolinol phthaleins as optical filter agents

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a class of phthalein indicator dyes useful as optical filter agents in photographic processes to protect a selectively exposed photosensitive material from further exposure during processing in the presence of incident light. Such dyes comprise 3,3-disubstituted phthalides and 3,3disubstituted naphthalides wherein the 3,3 substituents are 8&#39;&#39;hydroxy-5&#39;&#39;-quinolyl radicals.

United States Patent 1 Borror et al.

[ Dec. 30, 1975 PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS EMPLOYING 8-QUINOLINOL PHTHALEINS AS OPTICAL FILTER AGENTS [75] Inventors: Alan L. Borror, Lexington; Paulina P. Garcia, Arlington, both of Mass.

[73] Assignee: Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge,

Mass.

[22] Filed: Mar. 25, l974 [2l Appl. No.: 454,692

Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 202,483, Nov. 26,

1971, Pat. No. 3,816,123.

[52] U.S. Cl. 260/287 CE; 96/29 D; 96/84 R; 260/283.5; 260/289 R; 260/3l9.l; 260/326 A [51] Int. Cl. C07D 215/32 [58] Field of Search 260/287 R Primary Examiner-Donald G. Daus Assistant ExaminerDavid E. Wheeler Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sybil A. Campbell [57} ABSTRACT 10 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure US, Patent Dec..30, 1975 500 -ec o WAVELENGTH m MILLiMlCRONS (B'IVOS QQ'I) MJSNBCI NOISSIWSNVHL 'IVOLLdO PHOTOGRAPIIIC PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS EMPLOYING S-QUINOLINOL PI-ITIIALEINS AS OPTICAL FILTER AGENTS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Ser. No. 202,483 filed Nov. 26, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,816,123.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to novel chemical compounds, and more specifically, it relates to a new class of phthalein indicator dyes' and to a method for the preparation thereof. In a particular aspect it relates to certain quinoline phthaleins useful as optical filter agents in photographic processes .for protecting an exposed photosensitive material from post-exposure fogging during development in the presence of extraneous incident light and to such photographic uses.

2. Description of the Prior Art A number of photographic processes by which images may be developed and viewed within seconds or minutes after exposure have been proposed. Such processes generally employ a processing composition which is suitably distributed between two sheet-like elements, the desired image being carried by one of said sheet-like elements. The resulting images may be in black-and-white, e.g., in silver, or in one or more colors. Processing may be conducted in or outside of a camera. The most useful of such processes are the diffusion transfer processes which have been proposed for forming silver or dye images, and several of these processes have been commercialized. Such processes have in common the feature that the final image is a function of the formation of an image-wise distribution of an image-providing reagent and the diffusion transfer of said distribution to or from the stratum carrying the final image, whether positive or negative.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,415,644 dicloses a composite photosensitive structure, particularly adapted for use in reflection type photographic diffusion transfer color processes. This structure comprises a plurality of essential layers including, in sequence, a dimensionally stable opaque layer; one or more silver halide emulsion layers having associated therewith dye image-providing material which is soluble and diffusible, in alkali, at a first pH, as a function of the point-to-point degree of its associated silver halide emulsion s exposure to incident actinic radiation; a'polymeric layer adapted to receive solubilized dye image-providing material diffusing thereto; a polymeric layer containing'sufficient acidifying capacity to effect reduction of a processing composition from the first pH to a second pH at which the dye image-providing material is substantially nondiffusible; and a dimensionally stable transparent layer. This structure may be exposed to incident actinic radiation and processed by interposing, intermediate the silver halide emulsion layer and the reception layer, an alkaline processing composition providing the first pH and containing a light-reflecting agent, for example, titanium dioxide to provide a white background. The light reflecting agent (referred to in said patent as an opacifying agent) also performs an opacifying function, i.e., it is effective to mask the'developed silver halide emulsions and also acts to protect the photoexposed emul- 2 sions from postexposure fogging by light passing through the transparent layer if the photoexposed film unit is removed from the camera before image formation is complete.

In a preferred embodiment, the composite photosensitive structure includes a rupturable container, retaining the alkaline processing composition having the first pH and light-reflecting agent, fixedly positioned extending transverse a leading edge of the composite structure in order to effect, upon application of compressive pressure to the container, discharge of the processing composition intermediate the opposed surfaces of the reception layer and the next adjacent silver halide emulsion.

The liquid processing composition distributed intermediate the reception layer and the silver halide emulsion, permeates the silver halide emulsion layers of the composite photosensitive structure to initiate development of the latent images contained therein resultant from photoexposure. As a consequence of the development of the latent images, dye image-providing material associated with each of the respective silver halide emulsion layers is individually immobilized as a function of the point-to-point degree of the respective silver halide emulsion layer photoexposure, resulting in imagewise distributions of mobile dye image-providing materials adapted to transfer, by diffusion, to the reception layer to provide the desired transfer dye image. Subsequent to substantial dye image formation in the reception layer, a sufficient portion of the ions of the alkaline processing composition transfers, by diffusion, to the polymeric neutralizing layer to effect reduction in the alkalinity of the composite film unit to the second pH at which dye image-providing material is substantially nondiffusible, and further dye image-providing material transfer is thereby substantially obviated.

The transfer dye image is viewed, as a reflection image, through the dimensionally stable transparent layer against the background provided by the reflecting agent, distributed as a component of the processing composition, intermediate the reception layer and next adjacent silver halide emulsion layer. The thus-formed stratum effectively masks residual dye image-providing material retained in association with the developed silver halide emulsion layer subsequent to processing.-

In the copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 786,352 of Edwin H. Land, filed Dec. 23, 1968, now abandoned, and Ser. No. 101,968 filed Dec. 28, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,647,437, in part a continuation of Ser. No. 786,352, an organic light absorbing reagent (or optical filter agent), such as a dye, which is present as a light-absorbing species at the first pH and which may be converted to a substantially non-light-absorbing species at the second pH is used in conjunction with the light-reflecting agent to protect the selectively exposed silver halide emulsions from post-exposure fogging when development of the photoexposed emulsions is conducted in the presence of extraneous incident actinic radiation impinging on the transparent layer of the film unit. a I

In copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 103,392, filed Jan. 4, 3,702,245, pH-sensitive dyes derived from certain hydroxy-substituted carbocyclic aryl compounds, viz.,

particularly phenolic and naphtholic compounds are disclosed as useful as optical filter agents for absorbing incident radiation actinic to selectively exposed photosensitive materials within a predetermined wavelength 1971, now U.S. Pat. No.

3 range in the longer wavelength region of the visible spectrum. Certain of the novel indicator dyes disclosed therein, namely phthaleins derived from 8-hydroxyquinolines comprise the subject matter of the present invention together with a method for the preparation of the same.

Generally, phthalein indicator dyes are prepared via the Friedel-Crafts reaction by condensing the selected aromatic compound, e.g., phenol with phthalic or naphthalic acid, their anhydrides or acid chlorides at elevated temperature in the presence of a cataiyst, such as, zinc chloride or sulfuric acid to yield the corresponding phenol phthalide or naphthalide.

Though a variety of phthaleins have been prepared in this manner, repeated attempts to synthesize 8-hydroxyquinoline phthaleins using prior art procedures have been unsuccessful. The desired indicator dye product cannot be obtained using sulfuric acid, zinc chloride or other strong acid and the metal catalysts conventionally employed in the production of phthaleins. Presumably, such catalysts deactivate the reaction site of the 8-hydroxyquinoline. It has now been found that these phthalein dyes may be prepared using phosphorus pentoxide as the catalyst under certain reaction conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a novel class of phthalein indicator dyes derived from 8-hydroxyquinolines.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel class of phthalein indicator dyes useful as optical filter agents in photographic processes for preventing post-exposure fogging of a selectively exposed photosensitive material during development in the presence of incident light.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide products, compositions and processes for the development of photosensitive materials in which the novel phthalein indicator dyes areused.

Zlt is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a novel process for the preparation of. the above-denotedphthalein dyes.

Other objects of this inventioniwill in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the processes involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the products and compositions possessing the features,.properties and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.

According to the present invention, there is provided a novel class of phthalein indicator dyes comprising 3,3-disubstituted phthalides and 3,3-disubstituted naphthalides wherein the 3,3 substituents are 8- hydroxy-'-quinolyl radicals, the same or different. These indicator dyes will be defined with greater particularity hereinafter.

Like phthalein dyes, generally, the dyes of the present invention exhibit reversibly alterable spectral absorption characteristics in response to changes in enviro nmental pH They have a colored, light-absorbing form in alkaline media at a first pH value above their pKa and a substantially colorless form, i.e., a form which is substantially non-light-absorbing in the visible spectrum at a second pH below their pKa. By pKa is meant the pH at which about 50% of the dye is present in its light-absorbing form and about its non-light-abso'rbing form.

'It will be appreciated that such compounds will find utility in titrations and other analytical procedures where phthalein indicator dyes are commonly employed,for example, to measure changes in pH value as reflected by the change in color of the dye from one color to another or from colored to colorless or vice versa. The indicator dyes of'the present invention, however, due to their broad spectral absorption characteristics are especially useful as optical filter agents in photographic processes where development of a selectively exposed photosensitive material is performed at least in part outside the confines of a camera in the presence of extraneous incident actinic radiation.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The FIGURE is a graphic illustration of the spectral absorption characteristics of an 8-quinolinol phthalein of the present invention as compared to the spectral absorption characteristics of a simple phenol phthalein and represents the optical transmission density, i.e., absorbance of the respective dyes measured on a logarithm scale over the'wavelength range of 350 nm. to 750 nm. in aqueous alkaline solution at a pH substantially above their pKa.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the present invention, it has been found that phthaleins of 8-hydroxyquinoline may be synthesized by reacting the selected quinoline and a phthalic or naphthalic acid or anhydride at elevated temperature in the absence of a solvent using phosphorous pentoxide to catalyze the reaction. It also has been found that phthaleins of 8-hydroxyquinoline in comparison to simple phenol phthaleins absorb radiation over a much broader wavelength range in the visible spectrum which render the subject dyes particularly useful as optical filter agents in photographic processes.

The novel indicator dyes produced in accordance with the present invention, as noted above, comprise 3,3-disubstituted phthalides and 3,3-disubstituted naphthalides wherein the 3,3 substituents are '8'- hydroxy-5'-quinolyl radicals, the same or different. Typical of the indicator dyes of the present invention are those represented by the formula:

50% is present in wherein A and B are 8' -hydroxy-5'-quinolyl radicals, preferably the same,\and X represents the atoms necessary to complete-a ring-closing moiety selected from a phthalide and a naphthalide.

The indicator dyes defined above and as represented in the foregoing formula may contain substituents on the quinolyl radicals and/or ring-closing moiety as may be desired which do not interfere with the function of the dye for its selected ultimate use. Where it is desired that the indicator dye be substantially immobile or non-diffusible in the processing solution, it may be substituted with a bulky group, such as, a long chain substituent, e.g., dodecyloxy, h'exadecyl or dodecylphenyl. Also, it may be substituted with solubilizing groups, e.g., carboxy or sulfonic acid groups to adjust the solubility in a given solution. Because of the convenience in preparation, the quinolyl radicals when substituted are the same, i.e., they contain the same substituents in the same position.

Typical substituents include branched or straight chain alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,

t-butyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosanyl; aryl, such as, phenyl, Z-hydroxyphenyl, and naphthyl; alkaryl, such as benzyl, phenethyl, phenylhexyl, p-octylphenyl, p-dodecylphenyl; alkoxy, such as, methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, l-ethoxy-Z-(B-ethoxyethoxy), dodecyloxy and octadecyloxy; aryloxy, such as phenoxy, benzyloxy, naphthoxy; alkoxyalkyl, such as methoxyethyl, dodecyloxyethyl; halo such as, fluoro, bromo, and chloro; trifluoralkyl, such as, trifluoromethyl, monoand bis-trifluoromethyl carbinol; sulfonamido; sulfamoyl; acyl and its derivatives; aminomethyl; amido; sulfonyl; sulfo; cyano; nitro; amino including monoand disubstituted amino, e.g., N-ethyl amino and N,N-dimethylamino"; carboxy; and hydroxyl.

Preferred indicator dyes of the present invention are those represented by the formula:

wherein X represents the atoms necessary to complete a ringclosing moiety selected from phthalide, phthalide substituted in at least one of the 4- and 7-positions with carboxy and naphthalide.

Specific examples of indicator dyes within the scope of the present invention are as follows:

COOH

As noted previously, the indicator dyes of the present invention preferably are symmetrical, i.c., the quinolyl radicals are identical and are prepared by reacting an excess of the selected 8-hydroxyquinoline with the phthalic or naphthalic reagent provided it is the acid or the anhydride. Usually, 1.5 equivalents of 8-hydroxyquinoline are used per equivalent of the phthalic or naphthalic acid or their anhydrides. The reaction is carried out in the absence of a solvent at elevated temperature, and ordinarily, the reactants are fused at a temperature of at least about 180C. and usually between about 180 and 200C. in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide. The 8-hydroxyquinoline and the phthalic or naphthalic reagent may contain substituents, such as those enumerated above, provided the quinoline has a free position para to the hydroxy group for reaction with the acid or anhydride to form the dye product. Preferably, the acid and anhydride reagents are phthalic acid or its anhydride, naphthalic acid or its anhydride or phthalic acid substituted in at least one of the 3- and 6-positions with carboxy or the corresponding anhydride. Though symmetrical dyes may be more conveniently prepared, it will be appreciated that unsymmetrical dyes may be synthesized following the foregoing procedure by reacting an intermediate, e.g., a -0rtho-carboxybenzoyl-8-hydroxyquinoline intermediate with a second 8-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide to yield the unsymmetrical dye product. p

The following Examples are given to further illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of the compound of formula (1) A mixture of 50.0 g. (0.345 mole) of 8-hydroxyquinoline and 30.0 g. (0.203 mole) of phthalic anhydride was melted after which 40 g. of phosphorus pentoxide (P 0 was added with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture was heated at l80200C. for 2% hours. Subsequent cooling followed by extraction with 1N alkali and reprecipitation with hydrochloric acid gave a tan-colored precipitate. The precipitate was recrystallized from ethanol two times to give the title compound, melting range l-l77C.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of the compound of formula (2) The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 above using hemimellitic acid for reaction with the 8-hydroxyquinoline.

It will be appreciated that naphthalic acid or its anhydride and other phthalic acids are anhydrides, e.g., mellitic acid or mellitic anhydride may be substituted in the procedure of Example I to give the corresponding naphthalide or tetracarboxyphthalide indicator dyes.

The spectral absorption characteristics of the 8- hydroxyquinoline phthalein produced in Example I above are graphically illustrated in the accompanying Figure in the curve designated X. The curve X represents the optical transmission density, i.e., the absorbance of the indicator dye at a pH substantially above its pKa in a solution of sodium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol. Curve Y represents the spectral absorption characteristics of phenol phthalein, i.e., the optical transmission density as measured under the same conditions.

From reference to the Figure, it can be seen that the quinolinol dye as compared to the phenol dye absorbs radiation over a considerably broader wavelength range in the visible spectrum. Also, the quinolinol phthalein absorbs radiation at longer wavelengths having a )t max of about 635 in comparison to a )t max of about 555 for the phenol phthalein and thus, provides absorption in a range intermediate phenol phthalein and l-naphthol phthalein (A max of about 650).

The pH sensitive indicator dyes of the present invention may be used as optical filter agents in any photographic process including conventional tray processing and diffusion transfer photographic techniques. In such processes, the dye or dyes during development of a selectively exposed photosensitive material will be in a position and in a concentration effective to absorb a given level of non-selective radiation incident on and actinic to the photosensitive material. The dyes may be initially disposed in the film unit, for example, in a layer(s) coextensive with one or both surfaces of the photosensitive layer. Where selective exposure of the photosensitive material is made through a layer containing the indicator dye, then the dyes should be in a non-light-absorbing form until the processing solution is applied. Alternately, the dyes may be initially disposed in the processing composition in their lightabsorbing form, for example, in the developing bath in tray processing or in the layer of processing solution distributed between the photosensitive element and the superposed image-receiving element (or spreader sheet) in diffusion transfer processing. The particular indicator dye or dyes selected should have an absorption spectrum corresponding to the sensitivity of the photosensitive layer, so as to afford protection over the predetermined wavelength range required by the particular photosensitive material employed and should have a-'pI(a such that they are in their colored form, i.e., light-absorbing form at the pH at which the photographic process is performed. Most commercially use ful photographic processes are performed under alkaline conditions. Diffusion transfer processes, for example, usually employ highly alkaline processing solutions having a pH in excess of 12.

In photographic processes where the optical filter agent is retained in a stratum through which the final image is to be viewed, the color of the-indicator dye may be discharged subsequent to image formation by adjusting the pH of the system to a value at which the dye is substantially non-light-absorbing in the visible spectrum. In photographic processes performed at an alkaline pH, the optical filter agent, such as, a dye or dyes of the present invention are rendered substantially colorless by reducing the environmental pH. In processes where the optical filter agent isremoved or separated from the layer containing the final image or retained in a layer that does not interfere with viewing of the final image, it is unnecessary to convert the indicator dye to its non-light-absorbing form, though the color may be discharged if desired.

The concentration of indicator dye is selected to provide the optical transmission density required, in combination with other layers intermediate the silver halide emulsion layer(s) and the incident radiation, to prevent nonimagewise exposure, i.e., fogging, by incident actinic light during the performance of thc particular photographic process. It has been found, by interposing neutral density (carbon containing) filters over a layer of titanium dioxide, that a transmission density of approximately 6.0 from said neutral density filters was effective to prevent fogging of a diffusion transfer multicolor film unit of the type described in said U.S. Pat. No. 3,415,644 having a transparent support layer and an Equivalent ASA Exposure Index of approximately 75, when processed for one minute in 10,000 foot candles of color corrected light, a light intensity approximating the intensity of a noon summer sun. The transmission density required to protect such a film unit under the stated conditions may also be expressed in terms of the system" transmission density of all the layers intermediate the silver halide layer(s) and the incident light; the system" transmission density required to protect color film units of the aforementioned type and photographic speed has been found to be on the order of 7.0 to 7.2. Lesser levels of optical transmission density would, of course, provide effective protection for shorter processing times, lesser light intensities and/or films having lower exposure indices. The transmission density and the indicator dye concentration necessary to provide the requisite protection from incident light may be readily determined for any photographic process by following the above described procedure or obvious modifications thereof.

Since most commercial photographic processes employ photosensitive materials sensitive to and exposable by actinic radiation throughout the visible spectrum, e.g., black-and-white panchromatic silver halide emulsions and multilayer silver halide emulsion elements, it is preferred to use a second dye(s) in conjunction with the subject dye(s) that has a principal absorption in a second and at least partially different predetermined wavelength range such that the combination of dyes will afford protection from non-selective incident actinic radiation over the-range of 400 to 700 nm. The second dye employed may be non-color-changing but preferably, is also pH sensitive, i.e., has reversibly alterable spectral absorption characteristics in response to changes in the environmental pH so that it may be rendered light-absorbing or non-light-absorbing as desired. Illustrative of such dyes are phthaleins derived from indoles, such as, indole phthalein. The second dye also may be initially present in the film unit or in the processing composition as discussed above either together with or separate from the subject dyes and subsequent to processing may be removed from the film unit or retained within the film structure, provided it is in a form or position such that it does not interfere with viewing of the image produced.

Dyes may be selected from the above-denoted class that are useful as optical filter agents in diffusion transfer processes, for exa'mpl'e, those employing composite diffusion transfer photosensitive elements including a film pack or roll wherein superposed photosensitive and image-receiving elements are maintained as a laminate after formation of the final image. Such elements include at least one transparent support to allow viewing of the final image without destroying the structural integrity of the film unit. Preferably, the support carrying the photosensitive layer(s) isopaque and the support carrying the image-receiving layer is transparent and selective photoexposure of the photosensitive layer(s) and viewing of the final image both are effected through the latter support. The final image is viewed as a reflection print, i.e., by reflected light, provided by a reflecting agent initially disposed in the processing composition applied and maintained intermediate the image-receiving and next adjacent photosensitive layer or by a preformed layer of reflecting agent initially positioned intermediate the imagereceiving and next adjacent photosensitive layer. It will be understood that a preformed reflecting layer, while it should be capable of masking the photosensitive layer(s) subsequent to image formation, should not interfere with selective photoexposure of the photosensitive material prior to processing.

When utilizing reflection-type composite film units, the indicator dye or dyes employed as the optical filter agent(s) may be positioned initially in a layer of the film unit, e.g., in a layer between the image-receiving and next adjacent photosensitive layer through which photoexposure is effected provided it is incorporated under conditions, i.e., at a pH such that it will not absorb actinic radiation intended to selectively expose the photosensitive material to form a latent image therein. For example, the optical filter agent may be in a layer coated over either the image-receiving layer or the next adjacent photosensitive layer and should remain substantially non-light-absorbing until a process composition is applied providing a pH at which the indicator dye is capable of being rapidly converted to its lightabsorbing form to provide light protection when the film unit is removed from the camera. Rather than being initially disposed in the film unit, the indicator dye may be initially present in the processing composition applied intermediate the image-receiving and next adjacent photosensitive layer subsequent to photoexposure. The dye, when initially disposed in the processing composition, will be in its light-absorbing form.

The dyes selected as optical filter agents should exhibit at the initial pH of the processing, maximum spectral absorption of radiation at the wavelengths to which the film units photosensitive silver halide layer or layers are sensitive, and preferably, should be substantially immobile or nondiffusible in the alkaline processing composition in order to achieve optimum efficiency as a radiation filter and to prevent diffusion of filter agent into layers of the film unit where its presence may be undesirable. Recognizing that the filter agent absorption will detract from image-viewing characteristics by contaminating reflecting pigment background, the selected agents should be those exhibiting major spectral absorption at the pH at which processing is effected and minimal absorption at a pH below that which obtains during transfer image formation. Accordingly, the selected optical filter agent or agents should possess a pKa below that of the processing pH and above that of the environmental pH subsequent to transfer image formation.

As discussed previously, the concentration of indicator dye is selected to provide the optical transmission density required, in combination with other layers intermediate the silver halide emulsion layer(s) and the incident radiation, to prevent nonimagewise exposure, i.e., fogging, by incident actinic light during the performance of the particular photographic process. In the processes where the indicator dye or dyes selected as optical filter agents are used in conjunction with a reflecting agent or agents, the optical filter agents and reflecting agents together should possess the optical transmission density necessary to protect the photosensitive material for the particular photographic process.

The optimum concentration of optical filter agent(s) or filter agent(s) together with reflecting agent(s) may be readily determined empirically for each photographic y While substantially any reflecting agent maybe employed for the layer of reflecting agent, either preformed or applied as a component of the processing composition, it is'preferred to select an agent that will not interfere with the color integrity of the dye transfer image, as viewed by the observer, and, most preferably, an agent which is aesthetically pleasing to the viewer and does not provide a background detracting from the information content of the image. Particularly desirable reflecting agents will be those providing a white background, for viewing the transfer image, and specifically those conventionally employed to provide background for reflection photographic prints and, especially, those agents possessing the optical properties desired for reflection of incident radiation.

As examples of reflecting agents, mention may be made of barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide, barium stearate, silver flake, silicates, alumina, zirconium oxide, zirconium acetyl acetate, sodium zirconium sulfate, kaolin, mica, and the like.

Illustrative of the photographic use of the indicator dyes of the present invention as optical filter agents, a photographic film unit may be prepared by coating, in succession, on a gelatin subbed, 4 mil. opaque polyethylene terephthalate film base, the following layers:

1. a layer of the cyan dye developer 1,4-bis-(B-[hydroquinonyl-a-methyl -ethylamino )-5 ,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone dispersed in gelatin and coated at a coverage of about mgs./ft. of dye and about mgs./ft. of gelatin;

2. a red-sensitive gelatino-silver iodobromide emulsion coated at a coverage of about 225 mgs./ft. of silver and about 50 mgs./ft. of gelatin;

3. a layer of the acrylic latex sold by Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Penna. under the trade designation AC-6l and polyacrylamide coated at a coverage of about 150 mgs./ft. of AC-6l and about 5 mgs./ft. of polyacrylamide;

4. a layer of the magenta dye developer Z-(p-[B- hydroquinonylethyl]-phenylazo )-4-isopropoxy-l -naphthol dispersed in gelatin and coated at a coverage of 70 mgs./ft. of dye and about mgs./ft. of gelatin;

5. a green-sensitive gelatino-silver iodobromide emulsion coated at a coverage of about 120 mgs./ft. of silver and 60 mgs./ft. of gelatin;

6. a layer comprising the acrylic latex sold by Rohm and Haas Co. under the trade designation B-l5 and polyacrylamide coated at a coverage of about 100 mgs./ft. of 8-15 and about 10 mgs./ft. of polyacrylamide;

7. a layer of the yellow dye developer 4-(p-[fihydroquinonylethyl]-phenylazo)-3-(N-n-hexyl-carboxamido)-l-phenyl-S-pyrazolone and the auxiliary developer 4 -methylphenyl hydroquinone dispersed in gelatin and coated at a coverage of about SO'mgs/ft. of dye, about 15 mgs./ft. of auxiliary developer and 50 mgs./ft. of gelatin; i

8. a blue-sensitive gelatino-silver iodobromide emulsion coated at a coverage of about 75 mgs.'/ft. of silver and about 75 mgs./ft. of gelatin; and 1 9. a layer of gelatin coated at a coverage of about 50 mgs./ft. of gelatin.

Then a transparent 4 mil. polyethylene terephthalate film base may be coated, in succession, with the following illustrative layers:

1. a 7:3 mixture, by weight, of polyethylene/maleic acid copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol at a coverage of about 1400 mgs./ft. to provide a polymeric acid layer;

2. a graft copolymer of acrylamide and diacetone acrylamide on a polyvinyl alcohol backbone in a molar ratio of 1:3.221 at a coverage of about 800 mgs./ft. to provide a polymeric spacer layer; and

3. a 2:1 mixture, by weight, of polyvinyl alcohol and poly-4-vinylpyridine, at a coverage of about 900 mgs./ft. and including about mgs./ft. phenyl mercapto tetrazole, to provide a polymeric image-receiving layer.

The two components thus prepared may then be taped together in laminate form, at their respective edges, by means of a pressure-sensitive binding tape extending around, in contact with, and over the edges of the resultant laminate.

A rupturable container comprising an outer layer of lead foil and an inner liner or layer of polyvinyl chlo- 5 Water 100 cc.

Potassium hydroxide 1 L2 gms. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (high viscosity) [commercially available from Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Delaware. under the trade name Natrasol 250] 3.4 gms. l0 N-phenethyl-a-picolinium bromide 2.7 gms. Benzotriazole l .15 gms. Titanium dioxide 50.0 grns,

H H OH N N gms.

OH H

-0gms.

OH CH C '6 H 3 n may then be fixedly mounted on the leading edge of each of the laminates, by pressure-sensitive tapes interconnecting the respective containers and laminates, such that, upon application of compressive pressure to a container, its contents may be distributed, upon rupture of the containers marginal seal, between the polymeric image-receiving layer and next adjacent gelatin layer.

ride retaining an aqueous alkaline processing solution comprising:

The photosensitive composite film units may be exposed through step wedges to selectively filter radiation incident on the transparent polyethylene terephthalate layer and processed by passage of the exposed film units through appropriate pressure-applying members, such as suitably gapped,-opposed rolls, to effect rupture of the container and distribution of its contents. During processing, the multicolor dye transfer image formation may be viewed through the transparent polyethylene terephthalate layer against the titanium dioxide background provided by distributionof the pigment containing processing composition between the polymeric image-receiving layer and gelatin layer 9 of the photosensitive component. The film unit may be exposed to incident light and the formation of the image may be viewed upon distribution of the processing composition by reason of the protection against incident radiation afforded the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layers by the optical filter agents and by reason of the effective reflective background afforded by the titanium dioxide.

The film unit detailed above is similar to that shown in FIG. 2 and related FIGS. 3 and 4 of aforementioned copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 101,968 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,648,437. The negative component of the film unit including the photosensitive strata and associated dye-image-forming material; the positive component including the timing, neutralizing and dyeable layers; and the processing composition including its components, such as, the alkaline material and various addenda are described in detail in Application Ser. No. 101,968 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,648,437. For convenience, the specification of this application is specifically incorporated herein.

Besides the above photosensitive element, the dyes of the present invention may be employed in composite photosensitive elements, in general, where the dyeable stratum along with any associated layers may be contained together with the photosensitive strata as a unitary film unit which may be termed an integral negative-positive film unit comprising a negative component including the aforementioned essential layers and a positive component including at least the dyeable stratum in which the color transfer image is to be formed. The essential layers are preferably contained on a transparent dimensionallystable layer or support member positioned closest to the dyeable stratum so that the resulting transfer image is viewable through this transparent layer. Most preferably another dimensionally stable layer which may be transparent or opaque is positioned on the opposedsurface of the essential layers so that the aforementioned essential layers are sandwiched or confined between a pair of dimensionally stable layers or support members, at least one of which is transparent to permit viewing therethrough of a color transfer image obtained as a function of development of the exposed film unit in accordance with the known color diffusion transfer processes. lt will be appreciated thatall of these film units, like the specific one detailed above, may optionally contain other layers performing specific desired functions, e.g., spacer layers, pH-reducing layers, etc.

Examples of such integral negative-positive film units for preparing color transfer images viewable without separation are those described and claimed in aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,415,644 and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,415,645, 3,415,646, 3,473,925, and 3,573,043.

In general, the film units of the foregoing description, e.g., those described in the aforementioned patents and/or copending applications, are exposed to form a developable image and thereafter developed by applying the appropriate processing composition to develop exposed silver halide and to form, as a function of development, an imagewise distribution of diffusible dye image-providing material which is transferred, at least in part by diffusion, to the dyeable stratum to impart thereto the desired color transfer image, e.g., a positive color transfer image. Common to all of these systems is'the provision of a reflecting layer between the dyeable stratum and the photosensitive strata to mask effectively the latter and to provide a background for viewing the color image contained in the dyeable stratum, whereby this image is viewable without separation, -from the other layers or elements of the film unit. As discussed previously, in some embodiments this reflecting layer is provided prior to photoexposure, e.g., as .a preformed layer included in the essential layers of the laminar structure comprising the film unit, and in others it is provided at some time thereafter, e.g., by including a suitable light-reflecting agent, for example, a white pigment, such as, titanium dioxide, in the processing composition. As an example of such a preformed layer, mention may be made of that disclosed in the copending applications of Edwin H. Land, Ser. Nos. 846,441, filed July 31, 1969, and 3,645, filed Jan. 19, 1970 and now U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,615,421 and 3,620,724. The reflecting pigment may be generated in situ as is disclosed in the copending applications of Edwin H. Land, Ser. Nos. 43,741 and 43,742, both filed June 5, 1970 and now U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,647,434 and 3,647,435, respectively. In a particularly preferred form, such film units are employed in conjunction with a rupturable container, such as, that used above, containing the processing composition having the lightreflecting agent incorporated therein which container is adapted upon application of pressure of distributing its contents to develop the exposed film unit and to provide the light-reflecting layer.

As noted previously, the photographic use of the dyes of the present invention as optical filter agents to prevent post-exposure fogging of a selectively exposed photosensitive material is not limited to diffusion transfer processes nor to such processes employing composite photosensitive elements. While the use of such dyes in composite multicolor diffusion transfer film units is a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, these dyes may be used with equally effective results in any photographic process where it is desired to protect a photosensitive material from incident radiation actinic to the photosensitive material within the wavelength range capable of being absorbed by the dye. For example, the subject dyes may be used in conventional tray photographic processing as a component of the processing bath, or they may be present in a layer coextensive with one or both surfaces of a layer of photosensitive material to' be processed using conventional tray procedures, provided that they are nonlight-absorbing prior to photoexposure and also subsequent to developing the latent image unless the layer containing the dye is to be removed subsequent to processing. In such procedures, the photoexposed photosensitive material will, of course, be transferred fromthe camera to the processing bath in the absence of radiation actinic to the material.

The subject dyes also may be employed in diffusion transfer processes where the photosensitive and imagereceiving elements are separated subsequent to the formation of a transfer image or where a spreader sheet is separated from the photosensitive element to reveal a final image in the negative. In addition to the composite diffusion transfer structures described above, the subject dyes may be used with composite diffusion transfer film units where the final image is to be viewed by transmitted light. Also they may be used in composite film units specifically adapted, for example, for forming a silver transfer image, for developing a negative silver image by monobath processing, for obtaining an additive color image, and for obtaining a dye image by the silver dye bleach process which structures are described in detail in aforementioned copending US. Application Ser. No. 101,968, particularly with reference to FIGS. to 13 of the applications drawings.

Although the invention has been discussed in detail throughout employing dye developers, the preferred imageproviding materials, it will be readily recognized that other, less preferred, image-providing materials may be substituted in replacement of the preferred dye developers in the practice of the invention. For example, there may be employed dye image-forming materials such as those disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 2,647,049;

3,443,941; 3,443,943; etc., wherein color diffusion transfer processes are described which employ color coupling techniques comprising, at least in part, reacting one or more color developing agents and one or more color formers or couplers to provide a dye transfer image to a superposed image-receiving layer and those disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,774,668 and 3,087,817, wherein color diffusion transfer processes are described which employ the imagewise differential transfer of complete dyes by the mechanisms therein described to provide a transfer dye image to a contiguous image-receiving layer, and thus including the employment of image-providing materials in whole or in part initially insoluble or nondiffusible as disposed in the film unitwhich diffuse during processing as a direct or indirect function of exposure.

In view of the foregoing, it will be readily apparent that the subject dyes are useful generally in photographic processes for producing silver, monochromatic and multi-color images using any photosensitive material including conventional and direct positive silver halide emulsions. Depending upon the selected photosensitive material, one or more of the dyes may be used alone or in combination with another optical filter agent, such as another light-absorbing dye, which second dye may be non-color-changing or another pH sensitive dye. 1f the selected dye or dyes do not possess the desired stability in the processing composition for long term storage therein, they maybe initially disposed in the film structure or stored in a double-compartmented pod or in one of two associated pods separate from the processing solution until such time as the pod(s) are ruptured whereupon the dyes are admixed with the processing solution.

Since certain changes may be made in the above product and process without departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is:

1. An indicator dye of the formula:

OH OH wherein X represents the atoms necessary to complete a ring-closing moiety selected from phthalide; phthalide substituted in at least one of the 4- and 7-positions with carboxy; and naphthalide.

2. A dye as defined in claim 1 wherein X represents phthalide.

3. A dye as defined in claim 1 wherein X represents phthalide substituted in at least one of the 4- and 7- positions with carboxy.

4. A dye as defined in claim 3 wherein said phthalide is 4-carboxyphthalide.

5. A method of preparing an indicator dye selected from 3,3-di (8-hydroxy-5'-quinolyl) phthalide and 3,3-di(8 -hydooxy-5 -quinolyl) naphthalide which comprises the step of fusing an S-hydroxyquinoline and a reagent selected from (a) an acid and (b) an anhydride in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide at a temperature of between about C. and 200C. in the absence of a solvent, said (a) being an acid selected from phthalic acid; phthalic acid substituted in at least one of the 3- and 6-positions with carboxy; and naphthalic acid and said (b) being an anhydride selected from phthalic anhydride; phthalic anhydride substituted in at least one of the 3- and 6-positions with carboxy; and naphthalic anhydride.

6. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein said reagent is an anhydride.

7. A method as defined in claim 6 wherein said anhydride is phthalic anhydride.

8. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein said reagent is an acid.

9. A method'as defined in claim 8 wherein said acid is phthalic acid substituted in the. 3-position with carboxy acid.

10. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein said quinoline is 8-hydroxyquinoline. 

1. AN INDICATOR DYE OF THE FORMULA:
 2. A dye as defined in claim 1 wherein X'' represents phthalide.
 3. A dye as defined in claim 1 wherein X'' represents phthalide substituted in at least one of the 4- and 7-positions with carboxy.
 4. A dye as defined in claim 3 wherein said phthalide is 4-carboxyphthalide.
 5. A method of preparing an indicator dye selected from 3,3-di (81-hydroxy-51-quinolyl) phthalide and 3,3-di(81-hydooxy-51-quinolyl) naphthalide which comprises the step of fusing an 8-hydroxyquinoline and a reagent selected from (a) an acid and (b) an anhydride in the presencE of phosphorus pentoxide at a temperature of between about 180*C. and 200*C. in the absence of a solvent, said (a) being an acid selected from phthalic acid; phthalic acid substituted in at least one of the 3- and 6-positions with carboxy; and naphthalic acid and said (b) being an anhydride selected from phthalic anhydride; phthalic anhydride substituted in at least one of the 3- and 6-positions with carboxy; and naphthalic anhydride.
 6. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein said reagent is an anhydride.
 7. A method as defined in claim 6 wherein said anhydride is phthalic anhydride.
 8. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein said reagent is an acid.
 9. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein said acid is phthalic acid substituted in the 3-position with carboxy acid.
 10. A method as defined in claim 5 wherein said quinoline is 8-hydroxyquinoline. 